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ABSTRACT Objective Analyze the effects of aerobic and anaerobic training on different ergometers on muscle and cardiac hypertrophy in rats. Methods The animals were separated into the following groups: Control (C), Aerobic Training in Water (ATW), Resistance Training in Water (RTW), Aerobic Training on Treadmill (ATT), and Resistance Training in Climbing (RTC). All training protocols were carried out for 4 weeks, 3 times/week. The cross-sectional area (CSA) of the gastrocnemius muscle cells and the areas of the cardiomyocytes were measured. Results In the fast-twitch fibers, there was an increase in CSA in the RTW and RTC groups compared to the ATW (p<0.01 and p<0.01) and ATT groups (p<0.01 and p<0.01). In the slow-twitch fibers, the ATW and ATT groups demonstrated a lower CSA compared to the RTW (p=0.03 and p<0.00) and RTC groups (p<0.01 and p<0.01). In the cardiomyocytes, there was an increase in the area of the RTW and RTC groups compared to groups C (p<0.01; p<0.01), ATW (p=0.02; p<0.01), and ATT (p<0.01; p<0.01). Conclusion The anaerobic training effectively promotes hypertrophy in the fast-twitch fibers and the cardiomyocytes. Level of Evidence V; Animal experimental study.
RESUMO Objetivo Analisar os efeitos dos treinamentos aeróbios e anaeróbios em diferentes ergômetros na hipertrofia muscular e cardíaca de ratos. Métodos Os animais foram separados nos grupos controle (C), treinamento aeróbio em natação (ATW), treinamento resistido em meio aquático (RTW), treinamento aeróbio em esteira rolante (ATT) e treinamento resistido em escalada (RTC). Os protocolos de treinamento foram realizados por 4 semanas, 3 x/semana. Foram mensurados a área de secção transversa (CSA) das células do músculo gastrocnêmio e as áreas dos cardiomiócitos. Resultados Nas fibras de contração rápida houve aumento da CSA dos grupos RTW e RTC em relação aos grupos ATW (p<0,01 e p<0,01) e ATT (p<0,01 e p<0,01). Nas fibras de contração lenta os grupos ATW e ATT demonstraram menor CSA comparado aos grupos RTW (p=0,03 e p<0,00) e RTC (p<0,01 e p<0,01). Nos cardiomiócitos houve aumento da área dos grupos RTW e RTC em comparação com os grupos C (p<0,01 e p<0,01), ATW (p=0,02 e p<0,01) e ATT (p<0,01 e p<0,01). Conclusão Os treinamentos anaeróbios promoveram hipertrofia nas fibras de contração rápida e nos cardiomiócitos. Nível de Evidência V; Estudo experimental em animais.
ABSTRACT
ABSTRACT Objective To evaluate the morphology and morphometry of the muscles extensor digitorium longus and soleus of C57BL/6 females, who were exposed to glyphosate during pregnancy and lactation. Methods Twelve female mice from the C57BL/6 lineage were used. After detection of pregnancy, they were divided into a Control Group, which received only water, and a Glyphosate Group, which received water with 0.5% glyphosate during pregnancy and lactation. Both groups received ad libitum standard diet. After weaning, the females were euthanized and weighed; naso-anal length was measured, and fats were collected and weighed. The muscles extensor digitorium longus and soleus were collected, and their length and weight were measured. Then, the muscles were fixed in Methacarn to perform the histological study of muscle fibers. Results Glyphosate Group presented lower weight gain during pregnancy and also lower final body weight and naso-anal length; however, the other body parameters evaluated did not present a significant difference in relation to the Control Group. Significant differences were also not observed in the analysis of muscle fibers and connective tissue. Conclusion Exposure to 0.5% glyphosate during pregnancy and lactation resulted in lower weight gain during pregnancy, final weight, and naso-anal length. Despite not directly altering the morphology of muscle tissue, these results may indicate enough exposure to interfere with animal metabolism.
RESUMO Objetivo Avaliar a morfologia e a morfometria dos músculos extensor longo dos dedos e sóleo de fêmeas C57BL/6 expostas ao glifosato durante a prenhez e lactação. Métodos Foram utilizados 12 camundongos fêmeas da linhagem C57BL/6. Após detecção da prenhez, foram separadas em Grupo Controle, que recebeu somente água, e Grupo Glifosato, que recebeu água com 0,5% de glifosato durante a prenhez e lactação. Ambos os grupos receberam dieta padrão ad libitum. Após o desmame, as fêmeas foram eutanasiadas e pesadas; o comprimento nasoanal foi mensurado, e as gorduras foram coletadas e pesadas. Os músculos extensor longo dos dedos e sóleo foram coletados, e seu comprimento e peso foram mensurados. Em seguida, os músculos foram fixados em Methacarn para a realização do estudo histológico das fibras musculares. Resultados O Grupo Glifosato apresentou menor ganho de peso durante a prenhez e também menor peso corporal final e comprimento nasoanal, entretanto os demais parâmetros corporais avaliados não apresentaram diferença significativa em relação ao Grupo Controle. Na análise das fibras musculares e do tecido conjuntivo, também não foram observadas diferenças significativas. Conclusão A exposição a 0,5% de glifosato durante a prenhez e lactação resultou em menor ganho de peso na gestação, peso final e comprimento nasoanal, o que pode indicar que, apesar de não alterar a morfologia do tecido muscular diretamente, a exposição foi suficiente para interferir no metabolismo dos animais.
Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Pregnancy , Mice , Muscle, Skeletal , Muscle Fibers, Skeletal , Lactation , Glycine/analogs & derivatives , Mice, Inbred C57BLABSTRACT
SUMMARY OBJECTIVE: With high-resolution real-time ultrasonography we investigated the muscle architectural parameters of vastus lateralis in healthy volunteers. PURPOSES: We determined the reproducibility and validity of ultrasonography and the role of the ultrasonographer in assessing muscle architecture. We proposed the most appropriate clinical parameters for objective measurements and an ultrasound protocol of muscle architecture. METHODS: We conducted an intraobserver and interobserver study. We investigated 21 healthy male volunteers. The subjects were independently evaluated by four different operators using high-resolution real-time ultrasonography. To assess the reproducibility of ultrasound examinations, four operators repeated measurements using the same ultrasound device. Muscle thickness, muscle volume, muscle fiber pennation angle, and subcutaneous adiposity of the vastus lateralis muscle were measured. RESULTS: Intra-observer (ICC 0.92-0.97), interobserver (ICC 0.78-0.92) reproducibility was good to excellent for all measurements. CONCLUSION: Simple, reproducible, non-invasive ultrasound measurements of muscle structure easily demonstrated differences in muscle morphology. With a protocol and with objective and repeatable measurements, sonographers from different backgrounds could obtain an objective measurement of ultrasound images with little differences and low variability in results, thanks to the upgrading of diagnostic ultrasound imaging and their clinical skills.
RESUMO OBJETIVO: Nós utilizamos ultrassonografia de alta resolução em tempo real para investigar os parâmetros da arquitetura muscular do vasto lateral em voluntários saudáveis. PROPÓSITO: Nós determinamos da reproduzibilidade e validade da ultrassonografia e o papel do ultrassonografista na avaliação da arquitetura muscular. Nós propomos os parâmetros clínicos mais apropriados para uma medição objetiva e um protocolo de ultrassonografia para arquitetura muscular. MÉTODOS: Nós conduzimos um estudo intra-observador e inter-observador. Investigamos 21 voluntários saudáveis do sexo masculino. Os participantes foram avaliados de forma independente por quatro operadores diferentes usando ultrassonografia de alta-resolução em tempo real. Para avaliar a reprodutibilidade dos exames de ultrassonografia, quatro operadores repetiram as medições usando o mesmo equipamento de ultrassonografia. A espessura e o volume do músculo, o ângulo de penação da fibra muscular, adiposidade subcutânea do músculo vasto lateral foram medidos. RESULTADOS: A reprodutibilidade intra-observador (ICC 0,92-0,97) e inter-observador (ICC 0,78-0,92) foi boa a excelente para todas as medições. CONCLUSÃO: Medições de ultrassonografia simples, reprodutíveis e não-invasivas da estrutura muscular demostraram facilmente as diferenças na morfologia muscular. Seguindo um protocolo e com medições objetivas e reproduzíveis, ultrassonografistas com diferentes formações e experiências podem conseguir uma medição objetiva de imagens de ultrassonografia com poucas diferenças e pouca variação nos resultados graças à melhoria da qualidade nos exames de diagnóstico por imagem de ultrassonografia e das habilidades clínicas.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adult , Ultrasonography/standards , Quadriceps Muscle/diagnostic imaging , Observer Variation , Reproducibility of Results , Ultrasonography/methodsABSTRACT
Objective@#To explore the effect of taurine on the activity of SOD, MDA, Na+ -K+ -ATP enzyme and Bax/Bcl-2 in skeletal muscle of rats after exhaustive exercise.@*Methods@#Thirty male SD rats(6 months old) were randomly divided into normal group, control group and taurine group, with 10 rats in each group.The normal group was given routine feeding for 1 week, adaptive training for 3 days, without applying other measures.The control group was given routine feeding for 1 week, after adaptive training for 3 days underwent exhaustive exercise for 2 days.The taurine group was given 200mg/kg taurine gavage daily on the basis of the control group.The activity of SOD, MDA, Na+ -K+ -ATP and Bax/Bcl-2 were measured in the skeletal muscle after 2 days exhaustive exercise.@*Results@#After 2 days exhaustive exercise, the SOD concentration in skeletal muscle of the control group was (146.58±13.42)U/mg prot, which was lower than that in the taurine group[(143.81±15.93)U/mg prot] (t=2.519, P<0.05). The MDA concentration in the skeletal muscle of the control group was (1.97±0.20)nmol/mg prot, which was higher than that in the taurine group [(1.22±0.19)nmol/mg prot] (t=2.356, P<0.05). The ratio of SOD/MDA in the control group was (60.86±20.38), which was lower than that in the taurine group [(120.87±23.51)] (t=4.071, P<0.05). The activity of Na+ -K+ -ATP in the control group was (2.42±0.67)U/mg prot, which was lower than that in the taurine group [(5.74±1.15)U/mg prot] (t=3.905, P<0.05). The ratio of Bax/Bcl-2 in the control group was (1.62±0.17), which was higher than that in the taurine group [(0.96±0.14)] (t=3.419, P<0.05).@*Conclusion@#Taking taurine before exhaustive exercise can increase the ability of scavenging free radicals, reduce the production of oxidative stress products and protect the activity of Na+ -K+ -ATP enzyme.It is benefit for maintain the stability of cell environment and prevent skeletal muscle injury.
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Objective To explore the effect of taurine on the activity of SOD,MDA,Na +-K +-ATP enzyme and Bax/Bcl-2 in skeletal muscle of rats after exhaustive exercise.Methods Thirty male SD rats (6 months old) were randomly divided into normal group,control group and taurine group,with 10 rats in each group.The normal group was given routine feeding for 1 week,adaptive training for 3 days,without applying other measures.The control group was given routine feeding for 1 week,after adaptive training for 3 days underwent exhaustive exercise for 2 days.The taurine group was given 200mg/kg taurine gavage daily on the basis of the control group.The activity of SOD,MDA,Na+-K+-ATP and Bax/Bcl-2 were measured in the skeletal muscle after 2 days exhaustive exercise.Results After 2 days exhaustive exercise,the SOD concentration in skeletal muscle of the control group was (146.58 ± 13.42) U/mg prot,which was lower than that in the taurine group [(143.81 ± 15.93) U/mg prot] (t =2.519,P ＜0.05).The MDA concentration in the skeletal muscle of the control group was (1.97 ± 0.20) nmol/mg prot,which was higher than that in the taurine group [(1.22 ± 0.19) nmol/mg prot] (t =2.356,P ＜ 0.05).The ratio of SOD/MDA in the control group was (60.86 ±20.38),which was lower than that in the taurine group [(120.87 ±23.51)] (t =4.071,P ＜ 0.05).The activity of Na +-K +-ATP in the control group was (2.42 ± 0.67) U/mg prot,which was lower than that in the taurine group [(5.74 ± 1.15) U/mg prot] (t =3.905,P ＜ 0.05).The ratio of Bax/Bcl-2 in the control group was (1.62 ± 0.17),which was higher than that in the taurine group [(0.96 ±0.14)] (t=3.419,P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Taking taurine before exhaustive exercise can increase the ability of scavenging free radicals,reduce the production of oxidative stress products and protect the activity of Na +-K +-ATP enzyme.It is benefit for maintain the stability of cell environment and prevent skeletal muscle injury.
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OBJECTIVE@#To detect the core muscle group in the patients with myofascial pain syndromes(MPS) by using the surface electromyography; to detect the distribution of muscle fiber type by the analysis of the median frequency and the slope of the median frequency.@*METHODS@#From October 2017 to March 2018, there were 100 patients with the MPS, including 45 males and 55 females; the average age was 48.5 years old, ranging from 29 to 76 years old. There were 40 cases of left back pain and 60 cases of right back pain. The course of illness was more than 6 months. Another 40 healthy patients without pain in the waist were included in the control group, 20 males and 20 females; the average age was 47.3 years old, ranging from 29 to 76 years old. All the patients had different degrees of back pain and muscle stiffness, which were diagnosed as lumbar fasciitis by clinical and imaging examination. Surface electromyography was used to measure the characteristics of the lumbar core muscles (multifissions, iliocostal muscles, and longest muscle) of the three groups in the Biering-Sorensen testing, such as median frequency(MF) and absolute slope of median frequency (MFs).@*RESULTS@#The MF values of the multifidus muscle in the three groups were as follows:the left side of the non-pain group was 133.88±26.61, and the right side was 131.39±29.81; left side of lift side pain group 117.29±10.93, right side 133.70±17.81; in the right pain group, the left side was 131.36±17.37, and the right side was 118.28±13.57. The MF values of the iliocostal muscle in the three groups were:106.94±28.01 on the left side of the non-pain group, 114.68±18.96 on the right side; left side of lift side pain group 93.95±11.17, right side 107.60±27.86; in the right pain group, the left side was 105.93±15.52, and the right side was 97.27±19.27. The MF values of the longest muscle in the three groups were:109.24±26.20 on the left side of the non-pain group, 112.58±17.70 on the right side. Left side of left side pain group 95.58±10.83, right side 108.79±26.39; in the right pain group, the left side was 106.50±17.98, and the right side was 98.20±11.16. The MFs values of the multifidus muscle in the three groups were:0.221±0.109 on the left side of the non-pain group, and 0.259±0.169 on the right side; left side of left side pain group 0.318±0.184, right side 0.210±0.159; in the right pain group, the left side was 0.258±0.169, and the right side was 0.386±0.166. The MFs values of the iliocostal muscles in the three groups were:0.241±0.158 for the left side of the non-pain group, and 0.238±0.128 for the right side. Left side of left side pain group 0.330±0.208, right side 0.252±0.171; in the right side pain group, left side 0.249±0.150, right side 0.343± 0.144. The MFs values of the longest muscle of the three groups were:0.244±0.252 on the left side of the non-pain group, and 0.210±0.128 on the right side; left side of left side pain group 0.348±0.255, right side 0.241±0.224; in the right pain group, the left side was 0.239±0.155, and the right side was 0.334±0.233. There were no statistically significant differences in MF and MFs values of the left and right lumbar multifidus muscle, iliocostal muscle and longest muscle in the non-pain group(>0.05). MF values of the pain side multifidus muscle, iliocostal muscle and longest muscle in the lumbago group were lower than those in the non-pain group(<0.05). MFs values of the painful side multifidus muscle, iliocostal muscle and longest muscle in the low back pain group were higher than those in the non-pain group(<0.05).@*CONCLUSIONS@#The muscle fatigue degree of the back muscle in the pain side of patients with MPs is decreased, and the muscle fiber type is dominated by II muscle fiber.
Subject(s)
Adult , Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Electromyography , Low Back Pain , Muscle Fatigue , Muscle Fibers, Skeletal , Muscle, Skeletal , Myofascial Pain SyndromesABSTRACT
O exercício físico fera uma série de alterações fisiológicas ligadas à saúde e ao desempenho físico. Nesse sentido, o objetivo do presente estudo foi analisar os efeitos do treinamento concorrente na musculatura e composição corporal de ratos Wistar. Na presente pesquisa foram analisados 11 ratos machos adultos (90 dias), sendo utilizados seis como grupo de controle e cinco definidos como Treinamento Concorrente. O protocolo de TCc foi definido com 30 minutos de natação e 4 séries de 10 saltos, com sobrecarga de 50% do peso corporal do animal. A intensidade do treino aeróbico foi estabelecida em 70% do limiar anaeróbico, estimado a partir da carga crítica de trabalho, definida com a aplicação de quatro diferentes estímulos com cargas correspondentes a 7, 9, 11 e 13% do peso corporal de cada animal, em dias consecutivos.
Exercise beast a series of physiological changes related to health and physical performance. Accordingly, the aim of this study was to analyze the effects of concurrent training on muscle and body composition in Wistar rats. In this 11 adult male rats (90 days), six being used as a control group and five defined as Competitor Training survey were analyzed. The CBT protocol was set to 30 minutes swimming and 4 series of 10 jumps, loaded with 50% of the body weight of the animal. The aerobic intensity of training was established in 70% of the anaerobic threshold, estimated from the critical load, defined as the application of loads with four different stimuli corresponding to 7, 9, 11 and 13% of the body weight of each animal, on consecutive days.
Subject(s)
Animals , Rats , Body Weight , Muscle Fibers, Skeletal , Physical Education and Training , Motor Activity , RatsABSTRACT
PURPOSE: Thermal injury causes catabolic processes as the body attempts to repair the damaged area. This study evaluated the effects of a scald injury on the morphology of muscle fibers belonging to a muscle distant from the lesion. METHODS: Thirty Wistar rats were divided into control (C) and scalded (S) groups. Group S was scalded over 45 percent of the body surface, standardized by body weight. Rats in both groups were euthanized at four, seven and 14 days following the injury. The middle portions of the medial gastrocnemius muscles were sectioned, stained with hematoxylin and eosin and Picrosirius, and submitted to histological analysis. RESULTS: Control group sections exhibited equidistantly distributed polygonal muscle fibers with peripheral nuclei, characteristic of normal muscle. The injured group sections did not consistently show these characteristics; many fibers in these sections exhibited a rounded contour, variable stain intensities, and greater interfiber distances. A substantially increased amount of connective tissue was also observed on the injured group sections. CONCLUSION: This experimental model found a morphological change in muscle distant from the site of thermal injury covering 45 percent of the body surface.
OBJETIVO: A lesão térmica conduz o organismo a processos catabólicos a fim de reparar a área lesada. O propósito do presente estudo foi avaliar os efeitos da lesão térmica por escaldadura na morfologia das fibras musculares de um músculo distante da lesão. MÉTODOS: Foram utilizados 30 ratos Wistar, divididos em: Grupo submetido à lesão térmica por escaldadura (S) e Grupo Controle (C). A escaldadura foi provocada em 45 por cento da superfície corporal dos animais e padronizada pelo peso corpóreo. A eutanásia ocorreu nos períodos pós-lesão de quatro, sete e 14 dias. Retirou-se a parte média dos músculos gastrocnêmio medial os quais foram submetidos à técnica histológica de Hematoxilina-Eosina e Picrosírius. RESULTADOS: O aspecto poligonal das fibras musculares, com núcleos periféricos, bem como a distribuição eqüidistante das mesmas, característico das descrições da musculatura normal, verificado nos animais do grupo C não foi uma constante nas fibras do músculo dos animais do grupo S. Nestes, muitas fibras exibiram contorno arredondado, diferentes intensidades de marcação bem como maior distanciamento entre as mesmas. Observou-se ainda aumento substancial da quantidade de tecido conjuntivo no grupo S. CONCLUSÃO: Houve alteração da morfologia do músculo distante da lesão como resposta à lesão térmica de 45 por cento em modelo experimental.